iindaba

Ngokubanzi, ukuqonda kwethu ifayibha yeglasi bekusoloko kukuba yinto engeyoyesinyithi engaphiliyo, kodwa ngophando olunzulu, siyazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeefayibha zeglasi, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, kwaye kukho iingenelo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo. Umzekelo, amandla ayo oomatshini aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukumelana kwayo nobushushu kunye nokugqwala nako kulungile kakhulu. Kuyinyani ukuba akukho nto igqibeleleyo, kwaye ifayibha yeglasi nayo ineziphene zayo ezingenakubethwa ngoyaba, oko kukuthi, ayigugi kwaye ithambekele ekubeni buthathaka. Ke ngoko, ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo, kufuneka sisebenzise amandla ethu kwaye siphephe ubuthathaka bethu.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwifayibha yeglasi kulula ukuzifumana, ikakhulu iimveliso zeglasi ezindala okanye zeglasi ezilahliweyo. Ifayibha yeglasi ilungile kakhulu, kwaye ii-monofilaments zeglasi ezingaphezu kwama-20 xa zidibene zilingana nobukhulu beenwele. Ifayibha yeglasi idla ngokusetyenziswa njengezinto eziqinisayo kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ngenxa yobunzulu bophando lwefayibha yeglasi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimveliso yethu nakubomi bethu. Amanqaku ambalwa alandelayo achaza kakhulu inkqubo yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefayibha yeglasi. Eli nqaku lazisa ngeempawu, izinto eziphambili, iimpawu eziphambili, kunye nokuhlelwa kwezinto zefayibha yeglasi. Amanqaku ambalwa alandelayo aza kuxoxa ngenkqubo yemveliso yayo, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa okuphambili, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, imeko yeshishini kunye namathuba ophuhliso achazwe.

Iintshayelelo

1.1 Iimpawu zefayibha yeglasi

Olunye uphawu oluhle kakhulu lwefayibha yeglasi ngamandla ayo aphezulu okutsalwa, anokufikelela kwi-6.9g/d kwimeko eqhelekileyo kunye ne-5.8g/d kwimeko emanzi. Ezi mpawu zibalaseleyo zenza ifayibha yeglasi ihlale isetyenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa. Inobuninzi be-A obuyi-2.54. Ifayibha yeglasi nayo ayitshisi kakhulu, kwaye igcina iimpawu zayo eziqhelekileyo kwi-300°C. Ifayibha yeglasi ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezinto zokukhusela, ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokukhusela umbane kunye nokungakwazi kwayo ukubola ngokulula.

1.2 Izithako eziphambili

Ukwakheka kwefayibha yeglasi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokubanzi, izinto eziphambili eziqatshelwa ngumntu wonke yi-silica, i-magnesium oxide, i-sodium oxide, i-boron oxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide njalo njalo. Ububanzi be-monofilament yefayibha yeglasi bumalunga ne-10 microns, elingana ne-1/10 yobubanzi beenwele. Inqwaba nganye yeefayibha yenziwe ngamawaka ee-monofilaments. Inkqubo yokudweba yahlukile kancinci. Ngokwesiqhelo, umxholo we-silica kwifayibha yeglasi ubalelwa kwi-50% ukuya kwi-65%. Amandla okuxinana kweefayibha zeglasi ezinomxholo we-aluminium oxide ngaphezulu kwe-20% aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo iifayibha zeglasi ezinamandla aphezulu, ngelixa umxholo we-aluminium oxide weefayibha zeglasi ezingena-alkali ngokubanzi umalunga ne-15%. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ifayibha yeglasi ibe ne-elastic modulus enkulu, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umxholo we-magnesium oxide ungaphezulu kwe-10%. Ngenxa yefayibha yeglasi equlethe inani elincinci le-ferric oxide, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuphuculwe ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

1.3 Iimpawu eziphambili

1.3.1 Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo

Xa kuthelekiswa neefayibha ezingaphiliyo, iipropati zeefayibha zeglasi zingcono kakhulu. Kunzima ngakumbi ukuzitshisa, azitshisi ubushushu, azigqumi ubushushu, zizinzile ngakumbi, kwaye azitshisi. Kodwa zibuthathaka kwaye azigugi kakuhle. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki eziqinisiweyo okanye zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa irabha, njengoko izinto eziqinisayo ifayibha yeglasi ineempawu ezilandelayo:

(1) Amandla ayo okutsalwa angcono kunezinye izinto, kodwa ubude bayo buphantsi kakhulu.

(2) I-elastic coefficient ifanelekile ngakumbi.

(3) Ngaphakathi komda we-elastic, i-fiber yeglasi inokwandiswa ixesha elide kwaye iqine kakhulu, ngoko ke inokufunxa amandla amaninzi xa ichaphazeleka.

(4) Ekubeni i-fiber yeglasi iyi-fiber engaphiliyo, i-fiber engaphiliyo ineengenelo ezininzi, ayilula ukuyitshisa kwaye iipropati zayo zeekhemikhali zizinzile.

(5) Akulula ukufunxa amanzi.

(6) Ayinabushushu kwaye izinzile, kulula ukuyiphendula.

(7) Ukusebenziseka kwayo kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye ingacutshungulwa ibe ziimveliso ezibalaseleyo kwiimo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemicu, iifelt, iibhanti, kunye namalaphu alukiweyo.

(8) Ingadlulisela ukukhanya.

(9) Ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuzifumana ezi zinto, ixabiso alibizi kakhulu.

(10) Xa kushushu kakhulu, endaweni yokutsha, iyanyibilika ibe ngamacephe angamanzi.

1.4 Uhlulo

Ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokwahlulahlula, ifayibha yeglasi inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi. Ngokweemilo ezahlukeneyo nobude, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu: iifayibha eziqhubekayo, umqhaphu wefayibha kunye neefayibha ezinobude obumiselweyo. Ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomxholo we-alkali, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu: ifayibha yeglasi engena-alkali, ifayibha yeglasi ephakathi, kunye nefayibha yeglasi ene-alkali ephezulu.

1.5 Izinto zokwenza imveliso

Kwimveliso yokwenyani yemizi-mveliso, ukuze kuveliswe ifayibha yeglasi, sidinga i-alumina, isanti ye-quartz, ilitye lekalika, i-pyrophyllite, i-dolomite, i-soda ash, i-mirabilite, i-boric acid, i-fluorite, ifayibha yeglasi egayiweyo, njl.njl.

1.6 Indlela yemveliso

Iindlela zokuvelisa kwimizi-mveliso zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye kukuqala ngokunyibilikisa imicu yeglasi, uze emva koko wenze iimveliso zeglasi ezimile okwesikwere okanye ezimile okwentonga ezinobubanzi obuncinci. Emva koko, iyafudunyezwa ize inyibilikiswe kwakhona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze kwenziwe imicu emincinci enobubanzi obuyi-3-80 μm. Olunye uhlobo lukwanyibilikisa iglasi kuqala, kodwa luvelisa imicu yeglasi endaweni yeentonga okanye iisphere. Emva koko isampuli yatsalwa ngepleyiti ye-platinum alloy kusetyenziswa indlela yokudweba ngoomatshini. Izinto eziphumayo zibizwa ngokuba yimicu eqhubekayo. Ukuba imicu itsalwa ngolungiselelo lwe-roller, izinto eziphumayo zibizwa ngokuba yimicu engapheliyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yimicu yeglasi esikiweyo, kunye nemicu ye-staple.

1.7 Uvavanyo

Ngokwendlela eyahlulwe ngayo ifayibha yeglasi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neempawu zayo, yahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Iifayibha zeglasi eziye zathengiswa kumazwe ngamazwe zezi zilandelayo:

1.7.1 Iglasi ye-elektroniki

Yiglasi yeborate, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi engena-alkali kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezininzi, yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Okwangoku yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, nangona isetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ikwanazo neziphene ezingenakuphepheka. Isabela lula kwiityuwa ezingaphiliyo, ngoko ke kunzima ukuyigcina kwindawo ene-asidi.

Iglasi ye-C eyi-1.7.2

Kwimveliso yokwenyani, ikwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi ye-alkali ephakathi, eneempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kunye nokumelana okuhle kwe-asidi. Ingxaki yayo kukuba amandla oomatshini akaphezulu kwaye ukusebenza kombane kuphantsi. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zinemigangatho eyahlukileyo. Kwishishini lefayibha yeglasi yasekhaya, akukho nto ye-boron kwiglasi ye-alkali ephakathi. Kodwa kwishishini lefayibha yeglasi yangaphandle, into abayivelisayo yiglasi ye-alkali ephakathi equlethe i-boron. Ayikokuphela nje ukuba umxholo wahlukile, kodwa nendima edlalwa yiglasi ye-alkali ephakathi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe nayo yahlukile. Iimathi zomphezulu wefayibha yeglasi kunye neentonga zefayibha yeglasi eziveliswa kwamanye amazwe zenziwe ngeglasi ye-alkali ephakathi. Kwimveliso, iglasi ye-alkali ephakathi ikwasebenza kwi-asphalt. Kwilizwe lam, isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye isebenza kuyo yonke indawo kwishishini lelaphu lokusonga kunye nelaphu lokucoca.

Intonga yefayibha

1.7.3 Iglasi yefayibha yeglasi A

Kwimveliso, abantu bayibiza ngokuba yiglasi ene-alkali eninzi, eyinxalenye yeglasi ye-sodium silicate, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namanzi, ayiveliswa njengefayibha yeglasi.

1.7.4 Iglasi yeFiberglass D

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi ye-dielectric kwaye ngokubanzi yeyona nto iphambili kwi-fibers yeglasi ye-dielectric.

Iglasi enamandla aphezulu enefayibha yeglasi eyi-1.7.5

Amandla ayo aphezulu nge-1/4 kune-fiber ye-E-glass, kwaye i-modulus yayo elastiki iphezulu kune-fiber ye-E-glass. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu, okwangoku ikwasetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo ezithile ezibalulekileyo, ezifana noshishino lwezomkhosi, i-aerospace njalo njalo.

1.7.5 Iglasi yefayibha yeglasi ye-AR

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fiber yeglasi enganyangekiyo kwi-alkali, eyi-fiber ecocekileyo engaphiliyo kwaye isetyenziswa njengezinto eziqinisayo kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kwi-fiber yeglasi. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inokuthatha indawo yentsimbi kunye ne-asbestos.

1.7.6 Iglasi yefayibha yeglasi ye-E-CR

Yiglasi ephucukileyo engenaboron kwaye engenaalkali. Ngenxa yokuba ukumelana kwayo namanzi kuphantse kube ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kali-10 kunefayibha yeglasi engenaalkali, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iimveliso ezingangeni manzi. Ngaphezu koko, ukumelana kwayo ne-asidi kunamandla kakhulu, kwaye ithatha indawo ephambili ekuveliseni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba. Ukongeza kwiifayibha zeglasi eziqhelekileyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, izazinzulu ngoku ziye zaphuhlisa uhlobo olutsha lwefayibha yeglasi. Ngenxa yokuba yimveliso engenaboron, iyanelisa ukufuna kwabantu ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho olunye uhlobo lwefayibha yeglasi oluthandwa ngakumbi, oluyifayibha yeglasi enokwakheka kweglasi ephindwe kabini. Kwiimveliso zoboya beglasi zangoku, sinokubona ukuba ikhona.

1.8 Ukuchongwa kweefayibha zeglasi

Indlela yokwahlula imicu yeglasi ilula kakhulu, oko kukuthi, faka imicu yeglasi emanzini, uyifudumeze ide ibile, uze uyigcine iiyure ezi-6-7. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba izikhokelo zemicu yeglasi ezigobileyo nezigobileyo azibambi kangako, yimicu yeglasi ene-alkali eninzi. Ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula imicu yeglasi, ezahlulwe ngokubanzi ngokwembono yobude nobubanzi, ukwakheka kunye nokusebenza.

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