iindaba

1. Imarike yamazwe ngamazwe

Ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziphezulu, ifayibha yeglasi ingasetyenziswa endaweni yesinyithi. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho kunye netekhnoloji, ifayibha yeglasi ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lezothutho, ulwakhiwo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, isinyithi, ishishini leekhemikhali, ukhuselo lwesizwe, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Kwihlabathi liphela, ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwefayibha yeglasi kugxile kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu, i-United States, kunye neJapan. Ukongeza, iYurophu ikwangummandla onokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwefayibha yeglasi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ifayibha yeglasi efunekayo ibandakanya i-35% yemveliso iyonke yehlabathi. Ngowama-2008, isicwangciso sokwandiswa kweshishini lefayibha yeglasi kwihlabathi liphela siya kuba silumkile ngakumbi. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, amandla okuveliswa kwefayibha yeglasi abonisa ukukhula okucothayo. Ngowama-2010, imveliso iyonke yefayibha yeglasi kwihlabathi liphela isondele kwiitoni ezi-5 zezigidi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo.

2. Imarike yasekhaya

Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhulu lwetekhnoloji, umgangathoifayibha yeglasi Iimveliso kwilizwe lam ziphezulu, kwaye iimveliso ezicutshungulwayo ziyanda minyaka le. Kwicandelo le-fiber yeglasi kwilizwe lam, izinga lenzuzo eliyintsalela yamashishini liphakathi kwama-25-35%, elingaphezulu kakhulu kunezinga lenzala yangaphandle le-10%. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, ishishini le-fiber yeglasi belisoloko lilawulwa lilodwa ixesha elide. Njengeqela elitsha kwicandelo le-fiber yeglasi, ilizwe lam liye landisa amandla alo emveliso ngaphezulu kwama-20% minyaka le ngomsebenzi onzima wezazinzulu ezingenakubalwa. Liza kuthatha ngaphezulu kwama-60% esabelo sehlabathi kwaye libe yinkokeli kwimarike ye-fiber yeglasi yehlabathi.

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam kwiminyaka yakutshanje luqhutywa kakhulu ziinkalo ezimbini: ukutsalwa kweemarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Ukwanda kwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe minyaka le kwenza imfuno iyonke inyuke, kwaye kwenza ezinye iinkampani zangaphandle zenze indawo yeenkampani zasekhaya kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomthamo ophantsi wemveliso; ngelixa ukukhula kwemarike yasekhaya kuluncedo kuphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweenkampani ezisezantsi. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwesiqingatha yophuhliso, intsimi yefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam yenze isikali esikhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimi yefayibha yeglasi enkulu kwihlabathi, iimveliso zefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam zineenkcukacha ezincinci kunye nomlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa olinganiselweyo. Kodwa oku kukwelinye icala, imboni yefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam yenza inkqubela phambili yonke imihla, kwaye kukho indawo eninzi yokuphucula.

Ishishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam alizange liqale kwasekuqaleni njengamazwe aphuhlileyo, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza nzima, ishishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam lifikelele kuphuhliso oluphawulekayo. Izinga lokukhula kweemveliso zelizwe lam likhawuleza kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, ilizwe lam likwaphakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo ngokwezinga lokukhula. Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, imveliso yefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam yayingaphantsi kweetoni ezili-100,000, nto leyo ethetha malunga ne-5% yemveliso yefayibha yeglasi iyonke yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kowama-1990, ishishini lefayibha yeglasi laphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Xa ishishini lefayibha yeglasi yehlabathi ngo-2001-2003 Xa yayikwingxaki, ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe, ilizwe lethu lachaphazeleka kancinci, kwaye imveliso yayisakhula. Ngowama-2003, imveliso yonyaka yefayibha yeglasi kwilizwe lam ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-470,000, ifikelela kwi-20% yemveliso yefayibha yeglasi iyonke yehlabathi, kwaye igqibezele ngokugqibeleleyo izalathisi ze "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu seShumi". Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuyahamba kunye, ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam, okwenza umthamo wokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe nawo unyuke ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngowama-2003, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam udlule isiqingatha semveliso iyonke. Ngaphezulu, ishishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam liye lahambelana nehlabathi, ladityaniswa nehlabathi, kwaye neenzuzo zalo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe nazo ziyakhula. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwefayibha yeglasi kwilizwe lam, imfuno yetekhnoloji entsha yamanye amazwe kunye neemveliso ezintsha iyanda, nto leyo eye yakha isangqa esihle. Ngowama-2004, ilizwe lam lalisele lifezekisile iphupha lalo lexesha elide lokuthumela ngaphandle okungaphezulu kwempahla engeniswayo.

Ngowama-2006, imveliso yonyaka yefayibha yeglasi kwilizwe lam yayiyi-1.16 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka kwe-22%, kwaye izinga lokuthengiswa kwemveliso lidlule kwi-99%. Inkunzi yamashishini efayibha yeglasi idlule kwi-23.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka okungaphezulu kwe-30%. Nangona amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza enyukile, inzuzo nayo inyukile ngenxa yetekhnoloji ephucukileyo. Inzuzo yeshishini lonke lefayibha yeglasi iphantse ibe yi-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka okuphantse kube yi-40%. Ngokuphathelele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle lufumene phantse i-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kwaye umthamo uwonke wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ufikelele kwi-790,000 yeetoni, ukunyuka kwe-39%. Ngowama-2007, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yeshishini lefayibha yeglasi yelizwe lam lifikelele kwi-37.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka kwe-38% kunyaka ophelileyo. Inzuzo iyonke ifikelele kwi-3.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka kwe-51% kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ngowama-2008, ngenxa yengxaki yezemali yehlabathi, ilizwe lam nalo lachaphazeleka, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwefayibha yeglasi kwamanye amazwe kwaba nzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokungalingani okukhulu phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno, ilizwe lam laphuhlisa ngamandla iimveliso ezisezantsi zoshishino lwefayibha yeglasi, kwaye ilahleko yeshishini lefayibha yeglasi kwilizwe lam incitshisiwe.

Ekupheleni kuka-2011, imveliso yemisonto yefayibha yeglasi kwilizwe lam ifikelele kwi-3.72 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-17%. Xa sijonga imveliso yamaphondo nezixeko ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ilizwe, imveliso yefayibha yeglasi kwiPhondo laseShandong inyuke kakhulu, ngemveliso yonyaka ye-1.25 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kunonyaka ophelileyo. I-19%, ebalelwa kwi-34% yemveliso iyonke yefayibha yeglasi yelizwe. Kwindawo yesibini yiphondo laseZhejiang, elibalelwa kwi-20% yemveliso iyonke. Njengoko ishishini lefayibha yeglasi likhula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza, ukhuphiswano ngaphakathi kwishishini luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi, iinkampani ezininzi ezibalaseleyo ziqalile ukugxila kuphando lwemarike, kwaye zizama ukuvelisa iimveliso ezihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zabathengi.

Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ngenxa yokufika kokudibana kwehlabathi, uMbindi Mpuma. Ngophuhliso loqoqosho kummandla we-Asia-Pacific, imfuno yefayibha yeglasi isakhula. Kwaye ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, abantu baya kusebenzisa ifayibha yeglasi kwicandelo lamandla omoya, ngoko ke ithemba loshishino lwefayibha yeglasi nalo liqaqambile kakhulu.

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