1 Isicelo Esiphambili
Ukuzulazula okungajijwanga abantu abadibana nako kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunesakhiwo esilula kwaye senziwe zii-monofilaments ezidibeneyo eziqokelelwe kwiibhanti. Ukuzulazula okungajijwanga kungahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezimbini: ezingena-alkali kunye ne-medium-alkali, ezahlulwe kakhulu ngokomahluko wokwakheka kweglasi. Ukuze kuveliswe ukuzulazula kweglasi okufanelekileyo, ububanzi beefayibha zeglasi ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-23 μm. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo, ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ekwenzeni ezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana neenkqubo zokujija kunye nokugquma. Kwaye ingalukwa ibe ngamalaphu okuzulazula, ikakhulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwayo olufanayo. Ukongeza, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kokuzulazula okunqunqiweyo nayo ibanzi kakhulu.
1.1.1Ukuzulazula ngaphandle kokujikeleza ukuze ujike
Kwinkqubo yokubumba inaliti ye-FRP, i-twistless roving kufuneka ibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo:
(1) Ekubeni kufuneka ukusika okuqhubekayo kwimveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbane ongashukumiyo omncinci uveliswa ngexesha lokusika, nto leyo efuna ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika.
(2) Emva kokusikwa, kuqinisekiswa ukuba kuza kuveliswa isilika eluhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko ke ukusebenza kakuhle kokwenziwa kwesilika kuqinisekisiwe ukuba kuphezulu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusasaza isilika ibe yimicu emva kokusikwa kuphezulu.
(3) Emva kokuba inqunqiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo eluhlaza ingagqunywa ngokupheleleyo kwisikhunta, intambo eluhlaza kufuneka ibe nefilimu entle.
(4) Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka kube lula ukuyiqengqa ngokuthe tyaba ukuze kuqengqeke amaqamza omoya, kufuneka ingene kwi-resin ngokukhawuleza.
(5) Ngenxa yeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zezibhamu zokutshiza ezahlukeneyo, ukuze zilungele izibhamu zokutshiza ezahlukeneyo, qinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bentambo eluhlaza buphakathi.
1.1.2Ukuzulazula okungajikiyo kwe-SMC
I-SMC, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sheet molding compound, inokubonwa kuyo yonke indawo ebomini, njengezixhobo zemoto ezaziwayo, iibhafu kunye nezihlalo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa i-SMC roving. Kwimveliso, kukho iimfuno ezininzi zokuhambahamba kwi-SMC. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-SMC sheet ilungile, iipropati ezilungileyo zokungashukumi, kunye noboya obuncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphepha le-SMC eliveliswayo lifanelekile. Kwi-SMC enemibala, iimfuno zokuhambahamba zahlukile, kwaye kufuneka kube lula ukungena kwi-resin enomxholo we-pigment. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuhambahamba kwe-fiberglass SMC eqhelekileyo yi-2400tex, kwaye kukwakho neemeko ezimbalwa apho i-4800tex.
1.1.3Ukuzulazula okungajijwanga ukuze kujikelezwe
Ukuze kwenziwe imibhobho ye-FRP enobukhulu obahlukeneyo, indlela yokujika itanki yokugcina yavela. Ukuze kujikelezwe ukujika, kufuneka ibe neempawu ezilandelayo.
(1) Kufuneka kube lula ukuyifaka iteyiphu, idla ngokuba yiteyiphu ethe tyaba.
(2) Ekubeni ukuzulazula okungajijwanga ngokuqhelekileyo kunokuwa xa kutsalwa kwi-bobbin, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukubola kwayo kulungile, kwaye isilika ephumayo ayinakuba yingcola njengendlwane yentaka.
(3) Uxinzelelo alunakuba lukhulu okanye luncinci ngequbuliso, kwaye imeko yokuxhoma ayinakwenzeka.
(4) Imfuneko yoxinano oluthe tye lokuhambahamba okungajijwanga kufuneka ifane kwaye ibe ngaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo.
(5) Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kulula ukumanziswa xa kudlula kwitanki yeresin, kufuneka ukuba ukutyibilika kwe-roving kube kuhle.
1.1.4Ukuzulazula ukuze kufunyanwe i-pultrusion
Inkqubo ye-pultrusion isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo ezinee-cross-sections ezifanayo. Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba umxholo wayo wefayibha yeglasi kunye namandla ayo ahambelanayo akwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion esetyenziswa kwimveliso yindibaniselwano yemicu emininzi yesilika eluhlaza, kwaye eminye isenokuba yi-direct rovings, zombini ezinokwenzeka. Ezinye iimfuno zayo zokusebenza ziyafana nezo zokuzulazula kwe-winding.
1.1.5 Ukujikajika Okungajikiyo Kokuluka
Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, sibona amalaphu e-gingham anobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye amalaphu ajikelezayo kwicala elinye, ayindlela yokubonakalisa olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-roving, olusetyenziselwa ukuluka. I-roving esetyenziswayo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-roving xa kuluka. Uninzi lwala malaphu lugqanyiswa kwi-FRP molding ebekwe ngesandla. Kwi-rovings yokuluka, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezilandelayo:
(1) Ayigugi kakhulu.
(2) Kulula ukuyifaka iteyiphu.
(3) Ngenxa yokuba isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuluka, kufuneka kubekho inyathelo lokomisa ngaphambi kokuluka.
(4) Ngokuphathelele uxinzelelo, kuqinisekiswa ikakhulu ukuba ayinakuba nkulu okanye incinci ngequbuliso, kwaye kufuneka igcinwe ifana. Kwaye ihlangabezane neemeko ezithile ngokubhekiselele kwi-overhang.
(5) Ukubola kungcono.
(6) Kulula ukungena kwi-resin xa udlula kwi-resin tank, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba i-permeability ibe ntle.
1.1.6 Ukuzulazula ngaphandle kokutshintshatshintsha ukuze ulungele i-preform
Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-preform, ngokubanzi, yi-pre-form, kwaye imveliso ifunyanwa emva kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo. Kwimveliso, siqala ngokusika i-roving, size sitshize i-roving eqoshiweyo kwi-net, apho i-net kufuneka ibe yi-net enemilo emiselweyo. Emva koko sitshize i-resin ngokwemilo. Ekugqibeleni, imveliso emile ifakwa kwi-mold, kwaye i-resin iyafakwa kwaye icinezelwe ngobushushu ukuze kufumaneke imveliso. Iimfuneko zokusebenza ze-preform rovings ziyafana nezo ze-jet rovings.
1.2 Ilaphu elijikelezayo lefayibha yeglasi
Kukho amalaphu amaninzi ajikelezayo, kwaye i-gingham yenye yawo. Kwinkqubo ye-FRP yokubeka ngesandla, i-gingham isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesiseko esibalulekileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa amandla e-gingham, kuya kufuneka utshintshe indlela yelaphu egobileyo neyokugoba, enokuguqulwa ibe yi-gingham ejikelezayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho welaphu elineetshekhi, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ezi mpawu zilandelayo.
(1) Kwilaphu, kufuneka libe tyaba lilonke, lingabi namaqhuma, imiphetho kunye neekona mazithe tye, kwaye akufuneki kubekho zimpawu zingcolileyo.
(2) Ubude, ububanzi, umgangatho, ubunzima kunye noxinano lwelaphu kufuneka luhlangabezane nemigangatho ethile.
(3) Iintambo zefayibha yeglasi mazisongwe kakuhle.
(4) Ukuze ukwazi ukungena ngokukhawuleza yi-resin.
(5) Ukoma kunye nokufuma kwamalaphu alukiweyo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno ezithile.
1.3 I-Glass fiber mat
1.3.1Imathi enqunqiweyo yentambo
Okokuqala nquma imicu yeglasi uze uyifefe ngebhanti ye-mesh elungisiweyo. Emva koko fafaza i-binder kuyo, uyifudumeze ukuze inyibilike, uze uyipholise ukuze iqine, kwaye kwenziwa i-strand mat eqoshiweyo. Ii-strand fiber mats eziqoshiweyo zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubeka ngesandla kunye nokuluka ii-membrane ze-SMC. Ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esingcono sokusetyenziswa kwe-strand mat eqoshiweyo, ekuveliseni, iimfuno ze-strand mat eziqoshiweyo zezi zilandelayo.
(1) Lonke ilaphu elinqunqiweyo lithe tyaba kwaye lilingana.
(2) Imingxunya yomathi onqunqiweyo mincinci kwaye iyafana ngobukhulu
(4) Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile.
(5) Ingagcwaliswa ngokukhawuleza nge-resin.
1.3.2 Umathi onomtya oqhubekekayo
Imicu yeglasi ibekwa ngokuthe tyaba kwibhanti ye-mesh ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu bamisela ukuba ibekwe ngokuthe tyaba kumfanekiso we-8. Emva koko fafaza i-powder adhesive phezulu uze uyifudumale ukuze iqine. Imicu ye-strand eqhubekayo ingcono kakhulu kunemicu ye-strand eqoshiweyo ekuqiniseni izinto ezidityanisiweyo, ikakhulu kuba imicu yeglasi kwimicu ye-strand eqhubekayo iyaqhubeka. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo engcono yokuphucula, isetyenzisiwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.
1.3.3Umphezulu weMat
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-surface mat kuqhelekile nakubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengomaleko we-resin weemveliso ze-FRP, ongu-medium alkali glass surface mat. Thatha i-FRP njengomzekelo, kuba i-surface mat yayo yenziwe ngeglasi ye-alkali ephakathi, yenza i-FRP ihlale izinzile ngokweekhemikhali. Kwangaxeshanye, kuba i-surface mat ilula kakhulu kwaye incinci, inokufunxa i-resin engakumbi, engenakudlala indima yokukhusela kuphela kodwa ikwadlala indima entle.
1.3.4I-mat yenaliti
I-needle mat yahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini, udidi lokuqala lukutyunyuzwa kwe-fiber needle. Inkqubo yemveliso ilula kakhulu, qala ngokusika i-glass fiber, ubukhulu bayo bumalunga ne-5 cm, uyifafaze ngokungacwangciswanga kwizinto ezisisiseko, uze ubeke i-substrate kwi-conveyor belt, uze uhlabe i-substrate ngenaliti yokuluka, ngenxa yesiphumo se-crochet needle. Ii-fibers zihlatywa kwi-substrate kwaye emva koko zivuselelwe ukuze zenze isakhiwo esinemilinganiselo emithathu. I-substrate ekhethiweyo ikwanazo neemfuno ezithile kwaye kufuneka ibe nemvakalelo ethambileyo. Iimveliso ze-needle mat zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-sound insulation kunye nezixhobo zokuluka ubushushu ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo. Ewe, ingasetyenziswa nakwi-FRP, kodwa ayizange ithandwe kuba imveliso efunyenweyo inamandla aphantsi kwaye ithambekele ekuqhekekeni. Olunye uhlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-continuous filament needle-punched mat, kwaye inkqubo yemveliso nayo ilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-filament iphoswa ngokungacwangciswanga kwi-mesh belt elungiselelwe kwangaphambili ngesixhobo sokuphosa ucingo. Ngokufanayo, i-crochet needle ithathwa kwi-acupuncture ukwenza isakhiwo se-three-dimensional fiber. Kwi-thermoplastics yeglasi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber, ii-continuous strand needle mats zisetyenziswa kakuhle.
Iifayibha zeglasi ezinqunqiweyo zingatshintshwa zibe ziimo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu oluthile lobude ngokusebenzisa isenzo sokuthunga somatshini wokubopha. Eyokuqala kukuba yi-strand mat enqunqiweyo, ethatha indawo ye-strand mat enqunqiweyo ene-binder-bond. Eyesibini yi-long-fiber mat, ethatha indawo ye-continuous strand mat. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zahlukeneyo zinenzuzo efanayo. Azisebenzisi izincamathelisi kwinkqubo yemveliso, ziphepha ungcoliseko kunye nenkunkuma, kwaye zanelisa ukufuna kwabantu ukonga izixhobo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
1.4 Iifayibha ezisiliweyo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ifayibha egayiweyo ilula kakhulu. Thatha isixhobo sokugaya ihammer okanye isixhobo sokugaya ibhola uze ufake iifayibha ezinqunqiweyo kuso. Iifayibha zokugaya nokugaya nazo zinezicelo ezininzi kwimveliso. Kwinkqubo yokufaka i-reaction, ifayibha egayiweyo isebenza njengesixhobo sokuqinisa, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kakhulu kunezinye iifayibha. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka nokuphucula ukuncitshiswa ekwenzeni iimveliso ezibunjiweyo nezibunjiweyo, iifayibha ezigayiweyo zingasetyenziswa njengezizalisi.
1.5 Ilaphu le-fiberglass
1.5.1Ilaphu leglasi
Yeyohlobo lwelaphu lefayibha yeglasi. Ilaphu leglasi eliveliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo linemigangatho eyahlukileyo. Kwicandelo lelaphu leglasi kwilizwe lam, lahlulwe kakhulu laba ziintlobo ezimbini: ilaphu leglasi elingena-alkali kunye nelaphu leglasi eliphakathi le-alkali. Ukusetyenziswa kwelaphu leglasi kunokuthiwa kubanzi kakhulu, kwaye umzimba wesithuthi, isiqu, itanki yokugcina eqhelekileyo, njl. kunokubonwa kumfanekiso welaphu leglasi elingena-alkali. Kwilaphu leglasi eliphakathi le-alkali, ukumelana kwalo nokugqwala kungcono, ngoko ke lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni ukupakisha kunye neemveliso ezimelana nokugqwala. Ukuze kugwetywe iimpawu zelaphu lefayibha yeglasi, kufuneka kuqala kwiinkalo ezine, iimpawu zefayibha ngokwayo, ulwakhiwo lwelaphu lefayibha yeglasi, ulwalathiso lwe-warp kunye ne-weft kunye nepateni yelaphu. Kwicala le-warp kunye ne-weft, uxinano luxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo selaphu kunye nepateni yelaphu. Iimpawu zomzimba zelaphu zixhomekeke kuxinano lwe-warp kunye ne-weft kunye nesakhiwo selaphu lefayibha yeglasi.
1.5.2 Iribhoni yeglasi
Iribhoni yeglasi yahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini, uhlobo lokuqala yi-selvedge, uhlobo lwesibini yi-selvedge engalukwanga, elukiweyo ngokwepateni yoluko olucacileyo. Iiribhoni zeglasi zingasetyenziselwa iindawo zombane ezifuna iipropati eziphezulu ze-dielectric. Izixhobo zombane ezinamandla aphezulu.
1.5.3 Ilaphu elihamba ngasekunene
Amalaphu angajongi ngqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla alukiwe ngeentambo ezimbini ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kwaye amalaphu avelayo anamandla aphezulu kwicala eliphambili.
1.5.4 Ilaphu elinemilinganiselo emithathu
Ilaphu elinemilinganiselo emithathu lahlukile kwisakhiwo selaphu leplane, linemilinganiselo emithathu, ngoko ke isiphumo salo singcono kunefayibha yeplane eqhelekileyo. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu zinezibonelelo ezingenazo ezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu. Ngenxa yokuba ifayibha inemilinganiselo emithathu, isiphumo sisonke singcono, kwaye ukumelana nomonakalo kuyaqina. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, imfuno ekhulayo yayo kwinqwelo-moya, iimoto kunye neenqanawa yenze obu buchwepheshe bakhula ngakumbi, kwaye ngoku buthatha indawo kwicandelo lezemidlalo nezixhobo zonyango. Iintlobo zelaphu ezinemilinganiselo emithathu zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintlanu, kwaye kukho iimilo ezininzi. Kuyabonakala ukuba indawo yophuhliso lwelaphu elinemilinganiselo emithathu inkulu.
1.5.5 Ilaphu elimile okwesi 1.5.5
Amalaphu anemilo asetyenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye imilo yawo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimilo yento eza kuqiniswa, kwaye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, kufuneka ilukwe kumatshini ozinikeleyo. Kwimveliso, singenza iimilo ezilinganayo okanye ezingalinganiyo ezinemida ephantsi kunye namathuba amahle.
1.5.6 Ilaphu elingundoqo elinomqolo
Ukwenziwa kwelaphu eliphambili le-groove nako kulula. Iileya ezimbini zelaphu zibekwe ngaxeshanye, emva koko ziqhagamshelwe ngeebhari ezithe nkqo, kwaye iindawo zazo ezinqamlezileyo ziqinisekisiwe ukuba ziinxantathu eziqhelekileyo okanye iingxande.
1.5.7 Ilaphu elithungiweyo le-fiberglass
Lilaphu elikhethekileyo kakhulu, abantu balibiza ngokuba yi-knitted mat kunye ne-luven mat, kodwa alilo ilaphu kunye ne-mat njengoko sisazi ngesiqhelo. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kukho ilaphu elithungiweyo, elingalukwanga kunye yi-warp kunye ne-weft, kodwa lidityaniswa yi-warp kunye ne-weft ngokutshintshiselana.
1.5.8 Isingxobo sokukhusela i-fiberglass
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, kukhethwa imisonto yefayibha yeglasi, ize emva koko ilukwe ibe yimilo efana netyhubhu. Emva koko, ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho wobushushu, iimveliso ezifunekayo zenziwa ngokuzigquma nge-resin.
1.6 Indibaniselwano yefayibha yeglasi
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemiboniso yesayensi netekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yefayibha yeglasi nayo yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, kwaye iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zefayibha yeglasi ziye zavela ukususela ngo-1970 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngokubanzi kukho ezi zilandelayo:
(1) I-strand mat enqunqiweyo + i-roving engajijwanga + i-strand mat enqunqiweyo
(2) Ilaphu elingajijwanga kunye nomatrasi onqunqiweyo
(3) Umathi wentambo onqunqiweyo + umathi wentambo oqhubekayo + umathi wentambo onqunqiweyo
(4) Ukuzulazula ngokungacwangciswanga + umati olinganiselweyo wokuqala onqunqiweyo
(5) Ifayibha yekhabhoni ethe tye + umati okanye ilaphu elinqunqiweyo
(6) I-mat engaphezulu + imicu enqunqiweyo
(7) Ilaphu leglasi + intonga ebhityileyo yeglasi okanye ilaphu elijikelezayo elihamba kwicala elinye + ilaphu leglasi
1.7 Ilaphu elingalukwanga lefayibha yeglasi
Le teknoloji ayizange ifunyanwe okokuqala kwilizwe lam. Iteknoloji yokuqala yaveliswa eYurophu. Kamva, ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, le teknoloji yaziswa eMelika, eMzantsi Korea nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lweshishini lefayibha yeglasi, ilizwe lam liseke iifektri ezininzi ezinkulu kwaye lityale imali eninzi ekusekweni kwemigca emininzi yemveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu. Kwilizwe lam, iimathi ezimanzi ezifakwe ifayibha yeglasi zahlulwe kakhulu kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
(1) Uphahla lwemathi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iimpawu zee-membrane ze-asphalt kunye nee-shingles ze-asphalt ezinemibala, nto leyo ezenza zibe ntle ngakumbi.
(2) I-Pipe mat: Kanye njengegama layo, le mveliso isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho. Ngenxa yokuba i-fiber yeglasi ayimelani nokugqwala, inokukhusela kakuhle umbhobho ekugqwaleni.
(3) I-surface mat isetyenziswa kakhulu kumphezulu weemveliso ze-FRP ukuyikhusela.
(4) I-veneer mat isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindonga nakwiisilingi kuba inokuthintela ngempumelelo ipeyinti ukuba ingaqhekeki. Ingenza iindonga zibe tyaba ngakumbi kwaye akufuneki zichetywe iminyaka emininzi.
(5) Umgangatho we-floor mat usetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezisisiseko kumgangatho we-PVC
(6) Umati wekhaphethi; njengesixhobo esisisiseko kwiikhaphethi.
(7) I-laminate egqunywe ngekopolo eqhotyoshelwe kwi-laminate egqunywe ngekopolo inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kokubhoboza nokugrumba.
2 Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwefayibha yeglasi
2.1 Umgaqo wokuqinisa ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi
Umgaqo wekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi ufana kakhulu nowezinto ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi. Okokuqala, ukongeza ifayibha yeglasi kwikhonkrithi, ifayibha yeglasi iya kuthwala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwezinto, ukuze kulibazise okanye kuthintelwe ukwanda kweemifantu ezincinci. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kweemifantu zekhonkrithi, izinto ezisebenza njenge-aggregate ziya kuthintela ukwenzeka kweemifantu. Ukuba isiphumo se-aggregate silungile ngokwaneleyo, iimfantu aziyi kukwazi ukwanda nokungena. Indima yefayibha yeglasi kwikhonkrithi yi-aggregate, enokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuveliswa nokwanda kweemifantu. Xa imfantu isasazeka kufutshane nefayibha yeglasi, ifayibha yeglasi iya kuthintela inkqubela yemfantu, ngaloo ndlela inyanzelise imfantu ukuba ithathe indlela ejikelezayo, kwaye ngokufanayo, indawo yokwandiswa kwemfantu iya kwandiswa, ngoko ke amandla afunekayo kumonakalo nawo aya kwandiswa.
2.2 Indlela yokutshabalalisa ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi
Ngaphambi kokuba ifayibha yeglasi eqinisiweyo ikhonkrithi iqhekeke, amandla okutsalwa kwayo abiwa kakhulu yikhonkrithi kunye nefayibha yeglasi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhekeka, uxinzelelo luya kudluliselwa ukusuka kwikhonkrithi ukuya kwifayibha yeglasi ekufutshane. Ukuba amandla okutsalwa ayaqhubeka nokwanda, ifayibha yeglasi iya konakala, kwaye iindlela zomonakalo ikakhulu kukonakala kokucheba, umonakalo wokutsalwa, kunye nomonakalo wokutsalwa.
2.2.1 Ukungaphumeleli kokucheba
Uxinzelelo lokucheba oluthwalwa yikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi lwabelwana ngayo yifayibha yeglasi kunye nekhonkrithi, kwaye uxinzelelo lokucheba luya kudluliselwa kwifayibha yeglasi ngekhonkrithi, ukuze isakhiwo sefayibha yeglasi sonakale. Nangona kunjalo, ifayibha yeglasi ineenzuzo zayo. Inobude obude kunye nendawo encinci yokumelana nokucheba, ngoko ke ukuphuculwa kokumelana nokucheba kwefayibha yeglasi kubuthathaka.
2.2.2 Ukungaphumeleli koxinzelelo
Xa amandla okutsalwa kwefayibha yeglasi engaphezulu kwenqanaba elithile, ifayibha yeglasi iya kuphuka. Ukuba ikhonkrithi iyaqhekeka, ifayibha yeglasi iya kuba nde kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokutsalwa, umthamo wayo osecaleni uya kuncipha, kwaye amandla okutsalwa aya kuphuka ngokukhawuleza.
2.2.3 Umonakalo wokutsalwa kwemoto
Xa ikhonkrithi iphukile, amandla okutsalwa kwefayibha yeglasi aya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye amandla okutsalwa aya kuba makhulu kunamandla aphakathi kwefayibha yeglasi kunye nekhonkrithi, kangangokuba ifayibha yeglasi iya konakala ize emva koko itsalwe.
2.3 Iipropati ezigobekayo zekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi
Xa ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ithwala umthwalo, ijika layo loxinzelelo-loxinzelelo liya kwahlulwahlulwa libe ngamanqanaba amathathu ahlukeneyo ukusuka kuhlalutyo loomatshini, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. Inqanaba lokuqala: ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kwenzeka kuqala de kubekho ukuqhekeka kokuqala. Uphawu oluphambili lwale nqanaba kukuba ukuguqulwa kuyanda ngokuthe ngqo kude kube yinqaku A, elimele amandla okuqala okuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi. Inqanaba lesibini: xa ikhonkrithi iqhekekile, umthwalo ewuthweleyo uya kudluliselwa kwiifayibha ezikufutshane ukuze zithwale, kwaye amandla okuthwala amiselwa ngokwefayibha yeglasi ngokwayo kunye namandla okubopha kunye nekhonkrithi. Inqaku B ngamandla okugqibela okugoba kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi. Inqanaba lesithathu: ukufikelela kumandla okugqibela, ifayibha yeglasi iyaphuka okanye itsalwe, kwaye iifayibha eziseleyo zisenokuthwala inxalenye yomthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqhekeka okubuthathaka akuyi kwenzeka.
Qhagamshelana nathi :
Inombolo yefowuni:+8615823184699
Inombolo yefowuni: +8602367853804
Email:marketing@frp-cqdj.com
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-06-2022
